8.3b) Employment & legal issues in film and TV

Heath and Safety

Health and safety is where employers have to put in place reasonable protection for the employees from potential harm and danger in the work place.
 

An general example of where you could find this in the film and TV in when the employees such as camera operator or fall mangers are in the studio set as there is a hazard from part from the set from falling and/or being electrocuted .
 

The opportunities that the camera operator would get from the heath and safety policy is that the would make the work environment safe also protection would be put in to protect the camera operator from harm.
 

 The threats to the camera operator is that the film/TV company may not follow the health and safety policy which would lead to the employee from not feeling safe in there working condition.
 

 Opportunities that the company may have is make the employees feel safe from what this would do is build a trust with the employees and would help increase work quality.
 

The threats that the employer would have is that they would have to put in place a safer environment for the employees what this would do is increase the cost of the company.

Equal opportunities

Equal opportunities where any employee is treated fairly without any prejudice in the work place that also has the equal opportunity to the job as well as being able to obtain an upper pay scale or further promotion to heighten their careers. 

A company that does use this equal opportunities is Warner Bors when there are hiring or promoting someone in the work place.
 

The opportunities that the employee would have is the would have that there would have equal opportunities to get a promotion or a job in warner bros. This would make them trust warner brother and won't feel out numbered.
 

The threats that the employee may have working for or applying for warner bros is that they may not follow the act of equal have opportunities for the employees, this may lead employee have less trust in the industry.
 

The pros for the warner bros is that from following this act is that the company would have a better representation and may lead to more people with higher skill working for warner bros.
 

The cons to warner bros is that there have to be careful from the action that they do and also what there say as it may be seen as prejudice the employees when being chosen to be hired or promoted for a hight paid job.

Equality Act 2010

Equality act 2010 is a legal document produced by the government that states the laws the employer has to abide by when hiring and through the persons employment.
 

An example of a company that uses this equality act 2010 is Dreamwork as there uses it when there are going through the hiring process.
 

The advange for the employees is that the there would feel safe when applying for the job as there would have knowledge of dreams work on following the Act.

The disadvanges for the employees is that Dream works why not follow the equality act that the government have produced

The Pros for Dreams Works is that there would be trusted by there employees, which would lead to them getting the most out of there employees, what this may also do is create a good word of mouth.

The cons for Dreams work is that there would have to put in the act when hiring the specific employee what this would mean is that there would have to spend money to put forward the act.

Employers Liability

Employers liability is that the employer has the responsibility for the protection of the employee at the work place as well as the overall business and the financing. 

An example of a company that uses this act is ITV  as there have a high responsibility as it is a big company. 


The cons for the employees is that ITV may not follow the employers liability which may lead to them making the working environment to suitable condition to work in and also it may be that the salary may not be spread out fairly.

The pros for the employees is there would feel safe at work from because ITV have followed this rule. You would also be paid fairly and would not experience any favouritism toward the salary of the employees.

The disadvantage for ITV is that they would have to put in protection in the work place which  would lead to ITV spending money of the employees. There also would have to be careful of the salary there pay to there employees.

The advance for ITV is that there would have a good word of mouth due to the pay of the employees of being equal. 

Employee Rights

Employee right is the legal and legitimate entitlements that are wrote in the employees contract which are dependent on their age.
 

An example of a company that could give this right to there employees is endermol as there produces shows globally.
 

The opportunities that the employees is that their have control over what there can do and what legal rights do there have as working for  Endermol 

The threats to the employees is that not all ages have to same amount of rights as a 16 year old will not have the same rights as a 21 year old. As this means there may not feel comfortable at the Endemols work place.

The pros for Endemols is that there can be more understanding of the employees and could  and also could motivate the employees to do more work and have more trust with the Endemols.

The cons for Endermols is that there have to be careful of what there say and/or do to the employees as there have rights as this may lead to them seeing you and having a bad representation of Endermol.

Belonging to a trade union

Belonging to a trade union is a act to defend the employees rights and physical and psychological harm in the work place.
 

An example of a company that uses this act would be Pixar as there produces movies that take a long period of time.
 

The opportunities for the employees is that pixar would provide them with care , as this would make them feel safe at work and wanted at there work place at pixar.
 

The threats to the employees is that Pixar may not follow the act as this may lead to the employees having less trust in them and may leading them to quit there job at pixar.
 

The pros for pixar is that their employees would trust them , and would lead to them working their best at pixar and would lead to a good word of mouth about the quality of there product and there look out of there employees. 
 

The cons for pixar is that if there don't look after there employee and give them working hour that could physically and psychological drain them and lead to poor quality work.

Intellectual property

Intellectual property is shelter their assists, original and creative ideas and to prohibit the imitation of any work.

An example of the company that uses this act is Walt Disney as there produces big movies that make big money.
 

The disadvantage for walt Disney is that idea could be leaked by the employees at walt Disney to other hollywood company that could copy the idea and sell it which means Disney would lose out on money.
 

The advantage for walt Disney is there would protect there potential idea from any other hollywood company from copy the film idea there fresh and new idea that could make them a large amount of profit.

Copyright/Trademark

Copyright/trademark is a physical, legal document that can be purchased to stop any replication of the original idea.

An example of a company that uses copyright in there produces is Universal.

 The pros for the universal is that there could protect their film idea such as fast and furious 7 from getting replicated, as copyright and trademark allows them to have legal rights on sueing anyone that copy there idea.

The Cons for universal is that they have to pay yo put the copyright and trademark act on the film as this could cost a lot of money, as the copyright make is not always effective.

Other Forms of intellectual property

Other forms of intellectual property is a physical product or aesthetics that any other person or institution that can not copy when a patent has been placed.
 

An example of a product would be Star wars as the font could be they own font that they can only use.
 

The advantage for lucasfilm is that they would have rights to sue other company that uses there Font that they used in start wars. There also have a less chance on there copying there font because it is apart of Disney.
 

The disadvantage of Lucasfilm is that it cost a lot to maintain the right and to keep in track of other company that could paternal steal the font of the Star wars Fancies.

Passing off

 Passing off is when a person or institution attempts to emulate a product when truly it is another's.

An example of where you could see this in the industry is the Simpsons as there follow there act of add in other products.

The positive for Simpsons is that this could bring in more views and a different segments of the audience which would mead to higher view rates which means more money.

The disadvantage for Simpsons is if there denotes the product in a way that the company there emulated from that does not like it and offends them this may lead to getting bad reviews and may lead to losing out on money

Race Relations Act 1976

It is an act that protects the public against prejudice on racial grounds and the communication between the public of other racial groups. Racial grounds is seen as race, ethics, colours and nationality.

An example of a company that uses this act is film 4 as there make movies that related to other such as four lines and The road to Guantanamo. 


The employee advantage is that their would feel comfortable at work, as there won't be effect from the way there are represented, there won't be treated differently due to the race.

The disadvantage for the employees is that film 4 may not follow the race relations act 1976 as this may effect the way the employees are treated at work , and may lead to them have to force to leave work.

The pros for film 4 is they will gain trust with the employees and this would lead to the employees  do more work for the film 4 and leading it to good word of mouth.

The cons for film 4 is that they have to be careful of what there say and do the the employee as it may offend them and may be seen as prejudice which may lead to them seeing the company.

Broadcasting Act 1990

A government produced document that allowed to loosen regulations, which in turn helped to create a healthy competition. This allowing for consumers to have a much broad choice.

An example of a company that it may relate to is Sky which is a UK satellite provider.

The pros for the public is that is give you a bigger choice of what you can watch, and a variety of what you want to watch, it would keep the audience engaged.

The cons for the public is that to much choice could be bad , as the same thing may be repeated over and over again as this may be off putting.

The opportunities that Sky would is that there will always be something aired on TV, as there also have have new competition coming in to compete with other channel.

The threats that Sky could have is that they may lose customers as the healthy companions may be available on other services such as Netflix.

Obscene Publications Act 1959

A law which strives to protect consumers from obscene and derogatory media texts and institutions that will otherwise cause a great ordeal to those who exhibit content made by the institution. The content may be deemed as 'obscene' if in any shape has degraded those who have worked in the production of the content.   
 

Human centipede was effect by the obscene publications act 1959 as it was seen to be to graphical for the audience.
 

The advantages for the public is that there would not experience scene that would be to explicit and may effect them

The cons for the public is that there wont experiences the true content of human centipede because of the

The threats for six entertainment did have from the obscene publication act is that parts of human centipede had to be edited to be viewed in the UK , because to movie contained content the was unable to be played in the UK.

The advantaged for six entertainment is that the publicity would have gone up for the movie and there would have increased the box office money 

British Board Of film Classification

The BBFC is a non government management that controls and labels films into seven classification section include U, PG , 12 , 12A, 15, 18 and R18.
 

As all film are set a classification certificate and a specify one that was giving a rating of 12a was Dark Knight Rises.
 

The opportunities that the public have is that there would be informed before watching the film what is contained in the film from the BBFC certificate that their have been given.
 

The threats that the public may have is not all of the public would be allowed to watch the film. And also not all of the industry follow the rule as the system is abused from all underage public from getting into a movie.
 

The opportunities that the BBFC would have is their would have full control over the certificate their give to a movie without the government permission.
 

The threats that the BBFC would have is that not everyone would agree on the certificate that their gave to the film for example was the movie Dark Knight was given a rating 12 and was augured about is should have been certificated 15 because of a particular scene that could be reacted by a child.

Ofcom

It is a corporations that helps the UK population to get best out of their communications services as their control the TV, mobile, radio services line telecom, postal services and wireless device services. 
 

A company that they help get the best of there services is Sky as it is a service that provides a satellite TV and needs a good signal.
 

The threat to the public is not all of the time that the TV services and Mobile service would be the best because ofcom may not be given the best to the public.
 

The pros for the public is there will have the best service that the country gives them so the best TV signal would be given to them for no extra cost.
 

The advantages for ofcom is that there best service that there provide for the country would lead to them of having good word of mouth.
 

The cons for ofcom is that the public are expecting better services all the time and also if there is a lack in the communications services it means that there would be blamed for and held responsible for for the services.

8.3a) Contractual & Ethical Issues

Contractual

Full Time Contract

A full time contract is amid toward the career based job what this means that the pay is usually much better. You are recommended to work 35-40 hours week. This contract is normally placed on a physical document. You would have perk due to this contract for example sick leave , holiday pay and etc.
 

An example of a full-time contract job is a financial accountant which is in the film and TV industry why there have this specific contract is because there are needed at all time on different production.
 

A good thing for the financial accountant is that you have security for your job you have perk for this contract as maternity leave, sick leave and holiday pay and also the pay is much better due to being a career based job.
 

The negative for the institution is that it is harder to get rid of the employee because there have more rights which means that the institution have to be knowledgeable for there action.

Part Time Contract

A part time contact is a physical document. It is for any job that is under 30 hour a week. It is mostly part of a rotary. 
 

An example of a part-time job in the film and TV industry is that the runner is a person that listens to people and follow their orders such as making coffee and tea for them and other stuff such as holding equipment. How the runner fits into the part time job is that the industry has multiples of them what this means is that they are rotated to one runner to the next.
 

The benefits for the runner is that it allows them to more experience. And also they have the same perks and benefits that a full-time employee has such as maternity leave, holiday pay and etc. 
 

Threats to the employees is that the runners are not all committed to their job. Runners can come and go as they are not permanently in your business as they could leave.

Fixed term Contract

Click the link to go to fixed term contract and scroll down to the second paragraph.

click here

Agency Contract

An agency contract is when a company(agency) that find you a job. The jobs contract is not on the employee  but the contract is placed on the agency.
 

Their contrat give health and safety also give them shared facility and job vacancy as they are very limited to their rights we do not see agency contract in the media industry as we only see them in non media jobs.
 

The threats to the employees is that they do not get the perks and benefits as the full-time and part-time people get as their limited from the rights.
 

The opportunities that the employer has is that there is always someone there to hire also it is more easier to get rid of people from the agency whenever you want.

Contract Confidentiality

A contract confidentiality is a document that status that you have to keep a secret for the company that you work for this is in order to protect the product.
 

An example that consist with this contract is found in the majority film industry why it is so important is because it is to protect there money  and the user of the film . 

A job roles that does consist of this contact would be actors why because the actor would be most question about the movie. 
 

The threats that the actor could experience due to this contact is peer pressure from other company and also the length of keeping the secret is usually long which may effect the actors from keeping the secret in.
 

A threat for the employers is that information make it leaked which may lead to them losing out on potential money that the film could have made.It is hard to spot out who leaked information about the movie.

Contract Exclusivity

A contract Exclusivity is a physical document that quotes that the employee must agree not to work for any other company with similar aspect to it.
 

Where we could see contract exclusivity in the TV and film industry is mostly amid towards the film industry as the film industry is mostly fixed term contract exclusivity what this means is that you are not allowed to work for any other similar companies.
 

The threats to the employees is that once they have completed the job is that they are not allowed to work for any other company as there are stops from working for any other firm.
 

The threats to the employers is that it makes it harder to recruit new employment as they could have been working for other similar companies, which could lead to leaking information.

Ethical

Code of Practice 

Code of practice is a physical document that States the laws that the government produced for the employer while hiring an employment.

To 2.8-2.9 it states that the company should make adjustment to make the work place fit employees with disability.
 

Do that then please would have is that feel free and safe at work resolve the rights put forward by the government and also would allow them for equal opportunities for a promotion the work.
 

The threats that the employer would have is that they would have to be careful with what they say and what actions they do and the decision to the employment may be seen as sexist, racist and etc. 

Agency Polices and Procedures

Agency policies and procedures is a physical copy by the company the outline the institution

code of ethics.
We can see in the sixth paragraph in the the BBC policy as there do not have a lot to say about the ethics of the industry

The threats from the employees is that they may not have trust in BBC as there have there own ethical policy what this may mean is that the employee may not all agree to all of the policy.
 

The threats that the BBC would have is that the Ethical policy may not be up to standards from the government perspective what this could mean is that the employees may not have full trust over the BBC industry.

Emerging Social concerns and expectation

It is concerned that the society today look up and deal with appointment at work that the

government has updated in the code of practice it couldn't contain is disability gender reassignment,maternity/paternity, disability and sexual orientation.
 

The act 1.27 tell us about the changes in the law about discrimination The opportunities for the employees is that they won't feel alone because the society concern about disability, sexual orientation and maternity leave is seen to be important in the Ethical act.

The employers would have to take into account the emerging social concerns and to have knowledge about the Ethical change that has been put in place by the government code of practice.

Representation 

It consists of the employees social background which includes race religion nationality ethics  and others which is seen the government code of practice and obliged do when hiring someone.

The opportunities that the employees have is there wont feel judged at work from their religion, race and nationality because is states that the social background is seen equal in the workplace.
 

The opportunities for the employers is that it allowed them to bring more people into the workplace from different ethnicity, religion and nationality what this means is that it allows the company to show different representation to the company

8.4 developing tecnologies

Digital TV

Digital TV is the transmission of audio and visual that is digitally processed, it is used to transmit programme ;what this technology replaced was analog TV. why analog tv was replaced is that the data of the channel was harder to transfer which meant less channel where available.

All of the TV service use digital tv service because it allows for a higher quantity of channel to get transfer. For example ITV was

one of the 4 channel with analog technology.

The benifits for the audience is they are able to get more shows from the digital service as in analog tv there was only 4 channel. What this technology allows the audience to experience is more channel and better sound and quality of the programs on the  channel because the signal is more quicker to pass through.

The drawback for the audience is theres  a higher chance of having a lot of repeats which could be off putting to the audiences because itv air a lot of repeat shows on the channel 

The positive for the institution  is it could allow them to charge the user more money for this service because there are more program and it's in HD. It also allows them to make a family of channel such as ITV One, Two and Three.

The drawback for the institution is more competition from other channel that have similar aspect to the channel. Such as ITV and BBC have competitive schedule. what this means is that the shows that they broadcast may have an effect of how many views the shows get.

Satellite TV 

Satellite TV is a technology that contains a signal devices which is called a space satellite in space, how this is used is a signal from the tv services 

bounced to the space satellite then bounced back into your own satellite dish what this allows you to do is have a live view of the program. 

An example of a company that uses satellite TV is Sky which is the biggest satellite company in the UK it is a Monopoly  in the Satellite tv area. Sky charge around £75 to install a satellite dish in first time user house. 

The benefits for the audience of using Sky is that there have a variety of channel that they could view, why this is good its because they have a less chance of becoming  board. another benefit that it is also available in remote area for example the countryside, which allows the technology to be expanded to broad area.

The drawback for the audience on using sky is that its not available everywhere because the satellite dishes could be block and signal may be harder to catch. Why else this is not available is that the weather might effect the signal  and may break lose satellite signal.

The pros for sky is that they allow for smaller company to come in and broadcast there shows which allows sky to offer more channel and charge a higher price to there costumer. 

The cons for sky is that they would need to spend more money on sending an engineer to fit in a satellite dish into the user home. Also the technology is very expensive to fit into a home which would put up the cost for Sky.

Cable TV 

Cable TV is a cable that comes from the ground into a cable box in your home there are two type of cable that can be used one is frequency cable the other is fiber purpose cable. what this cable does is send a signal of the channel through and into the tv box and into the tv through hdmi and/or scart cable 

This technology is used for multipurpose services such as internet, phone and TV.

An example of a cable company is virgin. They charge around £ 10 a month for 12 month this is a fixed the contract.  

The benifits for the audience for using Virgin as a cable company is that it is more reliable as the user will not experience any loss connection because it is a direct feed to the virgin user TV It is also available in HD so the user would have a better picture view and sound.

The drawback for a virgin user is that there is a minimal  term contract  for example 12-24 month why this is a drawback you cant leave when ever you want even if you want to a new home you would still have to pay for the cable.

The positive for virgin of having cable is that they would get a steady income as there charge a fixed term contract. There could charge a higher price for a fiber cave rather then frequency cable.

The negative for virgin if there is a problem in the cable it is harder for them to find the problem when the cable is underground. What they would do is hire out engineer to fix the problem this would put up the cost for virgin

Interactive TV 

It is a services that give the user a choice.This allows the user to get a bit more input of what they watch. this is available through the red button on the remote of the tv services provider. 

An example of a interactive  TV is the red button  usage that the BBC applied  for the Olympics in 2012 .What this did is allows the user to watch other sport.

The positive for audience on using the red button in the Olympic is that there is no extra cost for this service, it give you a choice on what you want to watch you could watch the weigh lifting in the Olympic and could change to swimming as this is a choice.

The negative for the audience on using the red button on Olympic is that it has a slow process . It takes time for the red button to load up also what els could happen is the user may press the red button by accident which makes it annoying for for the audience..

The pros for BBC putting on red button feature in the Olympic, is they could expand the audience. What there are doing is allows audience with different interest to come and view the sport, it allows them to bring more of the content feed and show more with the red button.

The cons for BBC is that not a lot of the audience use this red button feature it dose nt make as much money through the red button why because there do not charge money for the red feature. It also cost a lot of money to set up the red button  what this means only the big company add this red button feature. 

Internet TV

Internet TV is a TV service that is only available on the internet and not TV . The user would have to pay a subscription for the service  or this could be available for free (illigel). what this allows the user to watch is original content from the services.

An example of Internet TV is Netflix it cost about £6 a mount for one screen and then £8.99

for a 4 screen HD.

The benifits for the audience on using Internet TV (Netflix )that is that they could watch where ever and when ever the audience want,  as this make it               portible for them as this mean it is on demand. It is also cheap it cost ranging £6 per month to £8.99.

The drawback for the audience of using Netflix is not all the program/films are available on Netflix, is the new show on Amazon prime "Gear nobs" is not going to be available  on Netflix. The audience  would have to buy both service if there want to watch the show. Another thing is if you want Netflix you will need to have a device that has the netflix service on it.

The positive for Netflix on using Internet TV. Is this allows them to produce, distribute and exhibit there own show such as the show "orange is the new black" it add a special feature to Netflix. There also don't have to compete for a schedule slot they don't have to worry about scheduling.

The drawback for Netflix is that the netflix service is not meant for everyone is that old people don't know much about which make them lose out on audience. What else could be a drawback back is that other services are available legal and illigel as this could be a easy  replacement of Netflix.

High Definition TV 

High Definition TV is a service that is available to the user what this does is allows the view to have  much clearer image and sound. For example HD is seen as 1080p in today society.

An example of High Definition is BBC ONE HD it is available from a TV sky package in the UK for example SKY, virgin and BT.

The benifits for the audience on using High definition is that they would have a better sound and better picture it would look better. Like on BBC ONE HD you would have a better sound and picture on Eastenders showing. And it for no extra cost .

The drawback for the audience on using BBC one HD is the audience would have to have a HD TV that has a HDMI cable and also there would have to get a HD package of TV service in order to get HD.

The positive for the BBC HD it is good for branding it allows the views to watch the program  in HD as this could increase the word of mouth of the quality of the channel. 

The drawback for BBC ONE HD is that it does not really increase the revenue it does not make them hardly any money. It cost more money to make the program HD as you want have to film eastenders  in HD with HD camera 

Streaming Content 

Streaming Content is a live broadcast which is only played through the internet, from a website or an app available on your devices. what this specifically broadcast is special events. 

The positive for the audience on using YouNow for streaming content is that it engaging for the audience  because they can cement and leave live like on the stream. There get to experience the behind the scenes and the creative idea of the live broadcaster. It also allows you to stream on different devices such as tablet and phone 

The drawback for the audience on using YOUNOW is that it takes a lot of data on you phone. You also need a good internet service in order to have a strong live feed which means you need a broadband package and not all the time the signal is strong in the location your in.

The benifits for YOUNOW is they can say anything no one is stopping them from saying it because it is live. They also have a live view count at all time. Your stream can be share through social media which increases the view of the stream.

The drawback for YOUNOW from using this technology is you hardly make any money from the stream and don't have a steady view count. You can say something in a stream that might effect large amount of your audience.

On demand viewing

 On demand Viewing is an ability to watch TV program that have been

recent viewed on TV, Original content and a library of historian programs that can be played on your demand, this is available through the web site or an app.
An example of on demand viewing is BBC iplayer this is available through the website or an app.

The benifits for the audience on using BBC Iplayer is they could watch it on multiple devices such as tablet, phone and computer. It give you the ability to watch it where ever you want and when ever.

The drawback for the audience on using BBC Iplayer is not all of the on demand site are free you have to pay for a monthly subscription. The technology services is not targeted for everyone because it draws out the elderly from using it. There is also a limited amount of time you have on watching the program.

The positive for BBC iplayer on using this technology it could allow them to produce program only exclusive to the demand service. For example the channel BBC 3 is shutting down what will happen is the show that where played will only be played on the on demand service.

The drawback BBC is that they are losing out on potential money that iplayer could produce. BBC does not have a library of shows from the past but other on demand services do have(Netflix) what this could do to BBC iplayer is lose out on potential user.

Digital recorders 

Digital recorders is a phisical hardware, that has the ability to play, pause, rewind and record, you connect it to your tv via hdmi cable, scart and/or avi

An example of a company that provides us with a digital is Sky there provide a 2TB box to keep you recorded program there charge £28.50 a month for 6 month then £37 a month. Other company that also provide this accessibility is virgin and Tevo.

The positive for the audience on using Sky digital recorders is it allows the audience to skip adverts from the show you have recorded. It also allows us to watch the show when ever you want at your time. You also could recorde one program and then record a second  one while watching it. (This is only in virgin).

The drawback for the audience using sky digital recorders is if the user in the middle recording a show and the user have a power cut you, what will happen is a segment of the show will be cut. A bad thing about sky digital recorders is you can only recode one show at a time which mean you can record multiple shows at the same time.You have a limited amount of storage space in the hardware.
The drawback for sky from having this digital technology is that it cost also the hardwear cost a lot to produces the recorder.
the positive of the institution is that it could allow them to charge more money for this service there could charge you from how much memory you have on you Digital recorder.sky charge around £249 for the Digital recorder. 

Pay per view 

Pay Per view is a one off payment for a special event that you pay separately to the TV package. it give you the ability to watch the event.

An example of pay per view is Sky box office there do Specile event such as Boxing or WWE. There charged around £20 for the Mayweather and Pacquiao boxing fight.

The benifits for the audience from buying pay per view is that they watch it live event. It allows them to watch a premium event. As this is live you don't have any spoiler  to the event as this is a suprise to the audience we saw this is the Mayweather and Pacquiao fight as there was a short and expected fight.

The drawback for the audience is that sky box office is very expensive, it's cost a lot of money for one event as there is not a lot of variety. There is also a possibility  of the signal from being lost from the sky box the audience  also need a sky box in order to purchase the event.

The positive for sky box office is this means they could get extra money from this payment of event. Also this is a exclusive event they they could charge a lot of money for they are in charge of how much they will charge for the event. Sky box office have a options on what advertising  and branding there going to show. 

The drawback for sky box office that pay per view  is moving away in interest. What this means is that no that may people buy the event because  it may not be worth there money or there could find a cheaper way to view  the event or could view it illegally which mean sky would lose out on potential money. But in reality  is pay per view is dying out.