8.2b) working patters

Shift Work

Carol Kirkwood

Ben Rich

Shift work is a set amount of time given to a group of employees, which is then rotated with the next group of employees with the same job. This is a full 24 hour cycles as the media does not stop.An example of shift work is in the news sectors. The job roles in the news sector that you would see this working pattern is a presenter, camera operator, VT operator, weather reporter and etc. 
Why this work pattern will be used in the News is because it is a 24 hour media , as there always have to be someone there to produce and deliver the news. The news presenter will have a set time to work and would be rotated by the next presenter to present to it would be carried on again and again.a benefit to an employee that works on a work shift at BBC is carol kirkwood which is a weather reporter. is she get to work at a shift that fit you specifically as carol kirkwood work in the morning on BBC breakfast which is fits her life style.a drawback for carol Kirkwood is it may be tiring for the her and physically and mentally not good for her to wake up really early in the morning and do the weather because not all of the time your body will cope with the patter of shift work which also could be put off by the work left be-hide for her may not be how she wanted it to be.

The pros to the employee is that BBC would be is that they keep it fresh because new people would come in to report the weather which allows the BBC to work with others because it is nice to have a change and spread the work out and keep each report fresh.
The cons to the BBC is that they have to pay more money to the employee because there are more weather reporter worker for them because it is a 24 hour process of news which means BBC would have to constantly pay money to the employee.


Fixed term contract

Fixed term contract is a working pattern that you have to signed to a assignment that you have been given a set date on of when you start and ends the completions of assignment for the institutions. An example of  fixed term contract is the film industry. The job roles in the film industry that would have this working pattern is the Video Editor for the film, as he/she would be given a contract to work to a particular start and end date for the completion for the movie edit.Why this particular work patterns would be given to a film industry is because they do not need to have the video editor the whole way through the film production.

margaret sixel

The positive for Margaret Sixel is she has had a variety of editing that she has done in the past; some of the film that she has edited is Happy feet which is a 3D animated movie and Mad max was a Practical movie, these has different kind of skills, what this help with is grow you portfolio, as this able her to fit her calendar as it could fit around here life. It is clear that the movie company need you what she would have done is negotiate how much money she has in her contract has some control of her money. 

The negative for Margaret sixel work is not always guaranteed ,we can see this because she has only edited 7 films from the last 20 years where you can see the differences is that lee smith has edited 32 film from the last 20 years. Margaret sixel would has had a side job because she dose not always has work 
The benefits for the employer the film industry (Warner bros.) is they have control of the employee which is margaret sixel. Warner bros. are also flexible when employing someone
The drawback to warner bros is they would have to employee someone for that specific job which means you would have to spend more money on hiring the editor for the movie separately and specially for that job.

Office hours

Office hours is a typical 9 am-5 pm jobs , that is fit around the sociable hours, it is a standers time that is set to the employee.
An example of a office hours is seen in the film industry. The job role in the film industry would be a finance account because there only work in sociable hours  
This particular work pattern is used for finance account as they only do paper work they work on a strict time line, what they would do is leave work at work and come back tomorrow morning to complete there work because they work time is limited.
The positive for the employee is it is in sociable hour because it work around there time, it is because normal people work around that time because it fits to there schedule. what is also good is there leaves there work at work and have there holiday same to other.

The negative for the employee is they do.not get paid for doing work at home away from work. Also holiday are fixed this may effect you holiday that you may not want to go on holiday same time school break up.

The benefit for the employer is they have structure of the environment they have control of the working conditions, it is that they could make it fit there own work comfortable.

The drawback  to the employee there have a risk of employees becoming stress from the work load into one. What else is that they may have less work done from the employee because there may have to leave work at work and have a limited  to do work.

Freelance

Freelance is a self employed worker, which work with the company but not for the company. You work for a particular assignment which you are hired to do for the institution. 
An example of a freelance is in the film industry. The job roles in the film industry would be actors, camera operator and video editors because there work for themselves.

Why this work pattern will be given to the actors, camera operator and video editors is because the film company will only hire them if needed as they wont have to be in the whole process of the film, as there don't work for the company but with the film industry.

Michel B . Jordon

A pro for actors that you see in the film industry is in the movie called "Creed" that Micheal B. Jordan that plays Adonis Creed  in new movie , is that he would be able to movie creed (produces by Warner Bother) around and work with other company were else we have see him work is in the movie Fantastic Four which was produced by Marvel entertainment.This could increase his port folio to interest other company,He could do is have a say of how much he gets paid have a percentage of control.
The cons for Michel B.Jordon is he is not grantee a job all the time because it is unpredictable because the company may find other actor with more experience, job is not always there because there easily be replaced by someone else what also could happen is that you may change to much money for the company this may put off the company from hiring the actor.
The pros for the employer is that other actors are always available. There only have to hire the actors when need which is a the film production stage. What else is good is that they could hire specialist at the job as the actors that you want to do he own stents which would lead to spending less money on hiring stunt double.
The cons for the employer is freelances are very expensive, because they may ask for a lots of money for there uses and specialists in the media (film-actor)what this could lead to over all is the actors have a choice to leave, what might happens is the actor may leaves the set of the film half way through filming the movie which could lead to re-shooting the movie from the start which is expensive.

Irregular Patterns 

Irregular Patterns is a working pattern in which the hours vary significantly on a regular basis this may be changed in the time of the day/hours working. An example of a irregular pattern is in the News sector and film industry, The job roles in the news sector that has this type of working pattern is news correspondents and the job role in the film industry is film production crew. The correspondent  would be given an assignment that they would have to complete in that time that has been given.

 This particular work pattern will be given to the news correspondent, as he/she would  have to respond at that time and event as it would be a big news coverage.

Where we have seen this is the Paris attacks that happened, the world correspondents from other countries would be called in to do the coverage for the attack despite what time it is. 

This working pattern, would happen in the film production crew is that they may have to shoot a film scene in the morning with day light in the shot ,but the next day they may have to film at night to get the night shots/scenes of the film.

Grrathem Satchell Corresponding Paris Attack.

The benefit for the news correspondent that you see in the BBC is Gratham Satchell why I has chosen him because he was the correspondent for the Paris attack. What would happen is that he would have got paid extra because there are doing something that effect there life style, what else is good for the news correspondent is they are doing something different as it is interesting and keep them engaged, but in Grathem report, he became emotional as this become interesting.
The downside to Grathem Satchell  is it effect they sleep pattern which means he wont particularly have a normal life style to other, he would have to sacrifices most of his life to this job because he wont get a proper time off from work which would have an impact on his social life. 
The positive for bbc is they will always has people available to report the news which means that bbc will not be left short when needed a news corrospondent. why this is also a got things is that bbc has specialist to complete the job which means for the paris attacks you would have someone that would have specialised in french.
The negative for bbc that there is a risk from the employee from being burnt off(from not delivering the best news because of the tiredness) which means staff have to make a lot of sacrifices, because of the quickness of the news report may not deliver the best news because of the event may be in the middle of the night 


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Hourly Rate

Hourly rates is a working patterns that the employee are paid for every hour they work ,which is a flat rate which is not effected of how much wok the employee do.
An example of a jobs that uses hourly rate is in the film industry. The jobs role that may have this is a video editor, VFX editor and assistance editor.
This particular work pattern will be given to the video editor is because they work a lot of hours for a film edit, because the industry want to complete the film edit fast and would paid more for them to be more productive.
How much a video editor will get paid for a med budget feature film that cost £5 million -£15 million to make, is he/she would get paid £42.82 an hour and would get paid £48 when on holiday(https://www.bectu.org.uk/advice-resources/library/1667). 

The positive for the employee is the more  they work the more they get paid, even if you work the time you go over you have been assigned you would be paid over timed.

The negative  for the employee is that this kind of pay is normally  for job lower down the hierarchy, but for the editor it is not because  you get paid a lot for an hour you work. But you would have to do a lot of work for the one that not the worth you at paid.

The benifits for the employer is they only pay the employee when there are in use, you have control  how long there work for and how.much there get paid 

The drawback is that would have to pay more money for the employee working over time . 

Piece Rate

Piece rate is a working pattern that the employee gets paid for every item that they make for the institution. These item are normally unique for the institution.
An example of Piece rate would be seen in the film industry. The jobs roles that would have this particular work pattern is a props design and/or costume designer.
Why this particular work pattern will be given to a props design and/or costume designer , is that the film industry would only need them for make a unique product for the film,
Where we can see this is in the new James Bond movie the Aston Martin where spicily made for that movie, what the film company would have done is pay for each car that where made.

Aston Martin Design in James Bond

The benefit for the prop/costume designs they are more productive because there would be motivated to produce more props and costume for example the Aston Martin in James Bond , it is that the more that they  produces the Aston Martin the more they get paid.
The drawback for the props/costume design is they may work  16 hours to make one Aston martin, and the next one might take 7 hours, what this is that the hours they work wont match how long they work, this may be demotivating for the props/costume designer.
The benefits for the Film industry (Columbia pictures) is that they would only have to pay for what they want which is Aston martins. This would be a unique product to them they only used this for a costume Aston Martin.
The drawback for the Film industry (Columbia pictures )is it is very expensive to buy a custom Aston Martin because the produces might charge a high price for the Car. What else could happen is that  the Aston Martin might not be like how you where expecting it to be. 

8.2a) job sectors & roles

8.1b) funding

8.1a) Ownership

Public Service

A Public Service is a Public Service Broadcaster (PSB) which is a service that is owned and funded by the government. An example of how they could be funded is TV licence. What the PSB do is that they produces, distribute and exhibition their programs. 

The UK public service broadcaster is BBC which a service owned by the government as they are funded £3.45 billion a year. BBC is aimed to inform, educate and entertain their viewer. The BBC own a variety of channel which is amid toward different segment of the Public. 

How the Public service (BBC) is an issue, is that they are funded by TV license, the reason this is an issue is that everyone has to pay for the TV license despite if you are not watching the BBC program, as you are paying for something that you will not use. However what else is bad that if you don't pay the £145.50 of the TV License you will be fined for £1000.

The benefits for the Public service (BBC), is that they do not have to bend to any advertisers, as it will not disturb their show as for example on BBC ONE, there are no advertisements between Eastender which is a popular drama on the channel. This is mean there is a less chance on losing their customers. The reason this is a positive is that the BBC has a less chance on being biased, so this does not effective the audience.

The drawbacks on the Public service (BBC), is that most of the entertaining program are the most watched, what this does is that the BBC are pushed by the audience to make more entertaining program, for example Strictly come dancing is the most viewed program on BBC.

BBC (Logo)

Commercial

A commercial  is only applied to TV. A commercials is mostly to entertain to revive an larger audience, it is ,mostly privately owned by shareholders , there are funded by adverts , they may have a family of channel , he content that they produce is mostly aimed towards a large audience. 

An example of a commercial is ITV , which is one of the biggest commercial broadcasters in the UK. Some of the biggest commercial that is shows is X factor , which is funded by talktalk. ITV own a family of channel, some of the example are ITV 2 and 3, each program is amid towards a different audience.

An issue with a commercial is that ITV have to bow to the pressure from advertisers. What this might do if effect the shows that ITV playing, the vibe of the show might be effect. The advertisement might not match the theme of the show that there are playing.

A benefit to commercial is they are free from the governments. What this allows them to do, is create more entertaining programs. Some of the entertaining programs that are shown is X factor , as this is the most populated program on ITV. It costs £35,000 to place a commercial in between X factor.

A drawback for a commercial company is that they may be biased, what this potentially do is effect the audience. What this would give is a negative word of mouth to the ITV, as this would effect the brand image . what this would do is that the prices of the commercial slots might decrease, and the audience viewership will decrees.

Private & Corporate

An private ownership  is a company that is not owned by the state. Mostly all the company beside the PSB is privately owned, all private company is normally owned by an individual, a small group or is public traders (this is traded though the stock market.).

An issue of a private ownership is that it is harder to find funding, which means your are less likely to receive money, as the public service is well known and has a huge fund. Private ownership will not have a lot of money for their facilities , as this would effect the quality of the program. It would be at a average standard.

The pros for a private company(News corp) is that owner is in full control of product that their produces. Also what film and contents that their make set there own idea , as this is a original product, as this make it more worthy for the audience to watch , as it sets there own creative content.

The cons to private company (News corp)is that the content that they make is populist , as their aim there content to a big mainstream audience, as this does not aim toward a high quality of audience, it wont be appealing to a nqish audiences.

Corporation is that the company will only loses their business if  they reach into debt, this is amid towards a bigger film and or TV companies. The good thing for News corp is that the bad management will be removed from there business which would represent the effected it has had for the future for the company , as a bad thing is that they might make the same like company in the industry already.

News corp orginazation

Independent companies

An independent company is a company that specializes in TV and film. They normally only have one media , as it does not have a vertical integration. They usually have a small percentage of the market. What they could also have is staff that work with the company , but not for the company. 

An example of independent company is endemol , which is located in the UK. Endemol is not tied into a specific broadcaster. What endemol have produced are entertaining shows ,as most of their shows that they have produced are game shows, for example deal or no deal , who wants to be a millionaire.

An issue with an independent company , is that the text that endemol produces is not meant for every one, what they do is specialize in niche audience. An a example of where you can see this is "only fools on horses" , as it contains joke that not every culture will understand , as the reference of the joke may be different. As this not meant for everyone as, it is aimed toward a specific audience.

 An advantage of independent company endermol, is that there have very successful shows. Independent company can be successful, some of the success that has came from endermol has been " big brother " , " total wipeout" and "deal and no deal" , how there show are successful as other countries broadcasting company have bought these shows.

A disadvantages for endermol that there is a lot of companies that are competing against each other, what this does is create are more harder way to be spotted by and broadcaster. As you are competing to make the best media to make money by .

Endemol 

Global Companies

An global company in the media term is a big media company that own different type of E-media (conglomerate) , they are aimed their media toward a mainstream audience , they have a big influence over the media marketing.

An example of a Global companies is Sony corporation of america , some of the e-media that Sony owns is Movie studios , Broadcasting TV network , record labels ,internet and cable channels . The profits that they made last year alone was $75.450 billion.What this figure define that there are a global company, which is aimed towards global/mainstream audience.

The issue with a global company is that, brand require to be very careful with management. Why because if something is wrong or if their something not were it supports to be it ruins that brand image, which would effect how the audience see the image ,what this could lead to a decrease in profit..

An advantage of a global company is if there is a failure in the company, Sony could absorb the loses quite comfortably, as an example of a loss is that Sony was hacked and new movie were release to the public as the company made a loss. Sony got back up and took care of it, which made them look comfortable at absorbing loses and gains a stronger brand.

A negative about a global company is that all the text that Sony produces are under pressure, which means there are pushed to make more popular text, as Sony would only go for media that make them a lot of money.

Sony Corporation of america(Logo)

Vertical and Horizontal Integration

A vertical and horizontal integration is related to film. It is when a film/TV company own other production companies this is for horizontal integration, but vertical integration is a company owing other distribution and exhibition companies.

An example of vertical and horizontal integration is Disney , as there own a wide range of other company, as there own for example , Mavel, Pixar and Lucas art. Each of this different company,are amid toward a different segments to the public.

A plus to a vertical and horizontal integration is that their keep a large amount of the profits , as there do not have to share there profit. Walt Disney does not have to share the money that they have made from a movie release,  to other company. There can also do there performances in there own studio , as there do not have to hire out any studios, this allows them to save money , and gain greater profits.

A minus to a vertical and horizontal integration, is that everything is controlled by one company, as the control is centralized, what this dose to the one company controlling the whole industry, is puts a bigger pressure on keep the industry together , what this might effect is the lack of contribution of ideas, as there do not have new ideas to work with , as Disney does not 

What Disney Owns

Monopoly

A monopoly is a industry which is dominated by one company that provides and producese a service in the media.This is related to TV and Film, as it is usually at the exhibition stage. What else is that they do not that any real competitor.  

An example of a monopoly company that is based in the UK is Sky which a Television satellite broadcaster . There hardly have any competitor  as the next broadcaster that are will know are virgin which do not have an a major effect on Sky, sky make between £1.33-1.7 billion a year, through there package of £20(basic deal)-£75(for extra bundle deal ).

An issue with a monopoly is that it is hard to start up a new company, becuase it would be harder to compete with Sky and other TV broadcaster. A new company that has started will be harder to notice from the audience, unless they provide something unique that sky does not have.

An advantage of a monopoly is that Sky does not have any major competitor, what this mean is that they do not need to, create new products to please there customer as there are already please. What this means is they do not need to invent any new idea as much.

A disadvantages for a monopoly , for Sky is that they have a lack of innovation. What this mean for Sky is they have no new idea , what this means is that their consumer may be not entertain or in-use of sky, as there can compete with other services , for example there do not have to compete against virgin very strongly.

Sky (Logo)